Course Overview

  • Synopsis

    This course explores challenging and controversial hadith, examining how classical Muslim scholars interpreted reports that appear to conflict with reason, morality, science, history or other Islamic texts. Students will study the methods of Mushkil and Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīth, engaging with classical scholarship and contemporary questions through critical analysis and contextual interpretation.

  • Aims

    The course aims to develop understanding of the classical sciences of Mushkil and Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīth, examine scholarly approaches to difficult Prophetic reports, introduce key methods of hadith criticism and interpretation, and explore how scholars reconciled apparently conflicting narrations while considering textual, linguistic, historical and theological contexts.

  • Entry Requirements

    This course is suitable for students of Islamic studies, teachers, duʿāt and anyone seeking a deeper scholarly understanding of challenging hadith. Some familiarity with Islamic studies is beneficial, although prior specialisation in hadith is not required.

Certification

  • Following successful completion of your course, you’ll be awarded a Lote Tree College certificate - a testament to your dedication, consistent attendance, active participation, and commitment to seeking sacred knowledge.

Course Structure



Study Mode Online
Course Duration 8 Lessons
Start Date 27 October 2026
End Date 15 December 2026
Day Tuesdays
Time 7-8pm (UK)
Cost Free 
Instructor Ustadh Dr Karim Gábor Kocsenda
Textbook In-house lesson slides

All lesson recordings available on-demand!

This 8-lesson intensive course examines some of the most controversial, misunderstood and frequently challenged hadith in Islam. Rather than simply presenting apologetic responses, it explores how classical Muslim scholars approached reports that appeared difficult or contradictory, drawing on the intellectual tradition of Mushkil al-Ḥadīth and Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīth. Students will engage with the approaches of scholars such as Ibn Qutaybah, al-Ṭaḥāwī, Ibn Fūrak, al-Nawawī and Ibn Ḥajar, examining the principles and interpretative methods they employed.

The course addresses a broad range of subjects, including hadith concerning women, marriage, gender roles, apostasy, warfare, slavery, medicine, science, cosmology and the unseen. It also considers reports that appear to conflict with the Qur’ān or other authentic narrations, the significance of historical and cultural context, and the effects of translation, variant narrations and figurative language on interpretation.

Throughout the course, students will explore the tools used by classical scholars to assess and interpret difficult reports, including isnād and matn criticism, analysis of variant narrations, Arabic rhetoric, uṣūl al-fiqh, reconciliation of apparently conflicting texts, takhsīṣ, taʾwīl and tarjīḥ. The course aims to develop a more informed understanding of the scholarly methods through which difficult hadith have been examined, interpreted and understood within the Islamic tradition.

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Topics Covered



Women, Marriage and Gender
Reports concerning women, sexuality, marriage and gender roles.
Law, Violence and Society
Hadith relating to warfare, apostasy, relations with non-Muslims, slavery and captives.
Ethics and Morality
Reports that appear challenging from the perspective of contemporary ethical discussions.
Medicine and the Human Body
Hadith concerning disease, healing, medical practice and human physiology.
Science and Cosmology
Reports relating to creation, the natural world and apparent conflicts with empirical observation.
The Unseen and the Supernatural
Narrations concerning angels, jinn, Satan and miracles.
Hadith and Other Islamic Texts
Reports that appear to conflict with the Qur’ān or other authentic hadith.
Language and Context
The significance of historical circumstances, Arabic rhetoric, metaphor, generalisation and figurative language.
Variant Narrations
How differences in wording and transmission may affect the interpretation of a report.
Authenticity and Interpretation
Distinguishing the reliability of a narration from the correctness of a particular interpretation.
Classical Reconciliation Methods​​​​
How scholars addressed apparent contradictions through jamʿ, takhsīṣ, taʾwīl and tarjīḥ.
Critical Hadith Assessment
How scholars investigated hidden defects in narrations and approached reports found in major hadith collections, including Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.

Learning Outcomes

Learn traditional Islamic knowledge in a thorough, practical and transforming way

  • Explain the concepts of Mushkil al-Ḥadīth and Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīth and their significance within the classical Islamic scholarly tradition.

  • Identify key methodological approaches employed by classical scholars in interpreting difficult Prophetic reports and reconciling apparently conflicting narrations.

  • Examine the role of isnād and matn criticism, variant narrations, Arabic language, historical context and uṣūl al-fiqh in hadith interpretation.

  • Analyse challenging reports relating to ethical, social, scientific, historical and theological questions, distinguishing questions of authenticity from questions of interpretation.

  • Evaluate how classical scholars employed reconciliation, specification, figurative interpretation and preference between competing interpretations when addressing difficult reports.

Course Fees

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Ustadh Dr Karim Gábor Kocsenda

Senior Instructor

Ustadh Karim Kocsenda is a product of both traditional Islamic pedagogy and Western academic training, positioned at the intersection of classical scholarship and contemporary academic inquiry. He holds traditional ijāzāt (teaching authorisations) in Arabic grammar from al-ʿAllāmah Muḥammad ad-Dīn al-Ābbayrī al-Shinqīṭī (Mauritania) and Ḥanafī jurisprudence from both Muftī Shāh Jahān al-Hāshimī (the Ḥanafī Grand Muftī of Dubai) and Sayyid Najīb Sharīf (Pakistan). His asānīd (chains of transmission) in the narrative sciences are on the authority of the renowned Damascene historian and linguist, Dr. Muḥammad Muṭīʿ al-Ḥāfiẓ. Ustadh Karim completed his PhD at the University of Nottingham (UK), with research focused on Shaykh al-Islam Muṣṭafā Ṣabrī and debates about human freedom and theodicy in 20th century Islamic thought. He has contributed to academic discourse for over a decade, authoring numerous scholarly articles and participating in conferences and roundtable discussions on Islamic theology, psychology, and philosophy. Ustadh Karim’s teaching experience spans diverse settings, including advanced naḥw and ṣarf in a year-long Arabic specialisation program and private instruction in logic, kalām, and fiqh. He excels in curriculum development, creating engaging materials which emphasise critical thinking and scholarly rigour. Beyond his academic contributions, he is deeply committed to mentoring and coaching young adults, combining exceptional interpersonal skills with cultural fluency to foster their intellectual and personal growth.
Ustadh Dr Karim Gábor Kocsenda

Testimonials

Amer Nazri | Animation Director

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

❝ The classes at Lote Tree are wholesome as it is inspiring, and whether it is fiqh, seerah or tasawwuf, you leave the sessions nourished spiritually and intellectually, and eager to learn more. ❞

Kamran Ahmed | Finance Director

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

❝ Amazing institute that really leads the way in bringing people together! Run and managed by an amazing team. ❞

FAQs

  • How long is this course?

    This course is based on 8 lessons. Students can join any time and access all previous lessons.

  • What do I need to access this course?

    All you need is a reliable internet connection and access to a personal computer, tablet or phone – our online courses are responsive and designed to work across all platforms. We also recommend that you study the courses somewhere quiet so that you can concentrate and get the most out of the rich, helpful information they contain.

  • Do I require additional resources?

    No.

  • Will there be recording available if I miss a class?

    Yes. Recordings of each lesson will be uploaded within 48 hours. All recordings will remain accessible for the academic year.

  • Will I get a qualification or ijazah?

    If you complete the course, you will receive a certificate of completion.

  • I'm not in the UK, does that matter?

    No, absolutely not – in fact that’s one of the main reasons we developed our online courses, so that more people from around the world could benefit from our training.

  • I'm having trouble logging in, what can I do?

    If you are having problems logging in, it may be that you need to delete your browser cookies and/or empty your cache. If you’re still having trouble after having done that, then please contact us.

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